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Plant Science & Curiosities

The mechanisms and patterns behind what gardeners observe, from pollination and plant movement to unusual structures and ecological relationships.

What Indus Valley farmers grew with river and monsoon

What Indus Valley farmers grew with river and monsoon

The Indus, or Harappan, world was not fed by one miracle crop or one irrigation system. Its settlements extended across parts of present-day Pakistan, north-western India, and Afghanistan, through landscapes that ranged from river plains to semi-arid margins. Even the term “Indus Valley” can hide that scale. The urban Harappan phase flourished broadly between about 2600 and 1900 BCE, but…

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Native American gardening and the wisdom of place

Native American gardening and the wisdom of place

“Native American gardening” is an umbrella phrase, not a method. Many distinct nations have developed food and land practices in different climates, from humid Great Lakes country to the high desert. A crop combination, mound, or water-harvesting shape cannot be lifted from one place and presented as continental tradition. The useful starting point is the one the title promises: attention…

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