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Why peppers take their time turning red

Why peppers take their time turning red

By August, a pepper plant can look as if it has misplaced its calendar. The fruit is full sized. The shoulders are glossy. The plant has done the hard work of flowering, setting fruit, and swelling those green walls into something that already feels like a harvest. Then the gardener waits for red, and the pepper seems to consider the…

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The empty shells cicadas leave on summer bark

The empty shells cicadas leave on summer bark

By early August, a tree trunk can start to look faintly haunted. A dry amber husk grips the bark at eye level. Another clings to a fence post beside the compost heap. One turns up on the underside of a hydrangea leaf, still shaped like a creature, but light as old paper. These are not dead cicadas. They are the…

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Why fern fiddleheads unroll instead of unfolding

Why fern fiddleheads unroll instead of unfolding

In the soft weather of May, ferns can make a shaded bed look as if it has invented a new kind of spring. One week there is only leaf litter, damp soil, and the brown remains of last year’s stems. Then little green scrolls rise from the crown, tucked inward like the heads of violins, each one holding a whole…

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The tiny shot holes in spring greens

The tiny shot holes in spring greens

In late April, a bed of young greens can look perfect at breakfast and peppered by lunch. The arugula leaves are still bright and tender. The mustard seedlings are standing. The radish tops look cheerful. But every leaf has acquired tiny round holes, as if someone spent the morning tapping them with a miniature paper punch. The damage is so…

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Why spring bulb leaves have to linger

Why spring bulb leaves have to linger

Late April is when spring bulbs start to lose the argument with taste. A daffodil that looked almost heroic two weeks ago now has a collapsed flower head, a papery stem, and a thick fountain of leaves leaning over the path. Tulips drop their petals and leave behind cups of green foliage that seem to take up more space than…

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Why radishes turn woody when spring warms

Why radishes turn woody when spring warms

A good spring radish should feel almost impossible for something so quick: crisp, juicy, sharp enough to wake up a salad, and gone from seed to harvest before slower vegetables have settled into their stride. Then, some years, the first bite is a disappointment. The root looks fine from the outside, but inside it is dry, spongy, woody, or hollow.…

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The flowers that make fools of insects

The flowers that make fools of insects

April Fools’ Day belongs to whoopee cushions, fake announcements, and suspiciously confident advice from people who should know better. The garden does not need any of that. It has been running its own jokes for millions of years, and some of the best ones are flowers. Not joke flowers in the novelty sense. Real flowers. Carefully built flowers. Flowers that…

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Why onions care how long the day is

Why onions care how long the day is

An onion row in March does not look like much to brag about. The plants are thin, blue-green, and a little awkward, each one a narrow tuft set into cold soil. They do not sprawl like squash, gleam like peppers, or make the quick promises of radishes. A young onion looks almost underbuilt for the job ahead. Then summer arrives…

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